Anger and Mistrust of Others In addition to fearing negative judgment from others, some people with high levels of social anxiety may also have difficulty trusting others. Social anxiety is also sometimes associated with elevated levels of anger and irritability. For example, some people with social anxiety disorder may become very angry or hostile when being looked at by others. They may also become angry at perceived rejections by other people.
Psychological Strategies Although there are many different types of psychotherapy practiced by mental health professionals, there are only a small number of strategies that have been shown to be effective for reducing social anxiety in a relatively brief amount of time. The chapters in this book discuss three general approaches that repeatedly have been shown to be effective for treating social anxiety disorder:.
Exposure-based strategies will teach you to approach feared situations grad- ually, over and over again, until they no longer provoke fear.
Instruction in basic communication skills will teach you to communicate more assertively, meet people more easily, give effective presentations, and use nonverbal communication appropriately.
Medications There are a number of medications that have been shown to be effective for decreas- ing social anxiety. These include a range of antidepressants as well as certain tranquil- izers. As long as the person continues to take the medication, these treatments are about as effective as the psychological strategies discussed in this book. For some people, the combination of medication and psychological treatment is the most effective approach.
In chapter 5 we will discuss the benefits and costs of using particular medications for treating your social anxiety. After about 10 minutes, I responded by reminding me care enough to remember him. He must made an excuse and left the party. Wednesday evening. Preparing 70 Heart racing, muscle tightness I will lose my train of thought. People Had two glasses of wine to calm down. I will lose Rehearsed my presentation about 20 presentation on Friday.
Asked a coworker to present with me. Saturday afternoon. Walking 50 Feeling flushed, palms are People are staring at me. They can tell I avoided eye contact with other people. They are probably think- After about 5 minutes, left the mall, ing I look funny or that I walk funny. Biological processes such as natural selection or evolution, genetics, brain activity, and alterations in the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain may all contribute to social anxiety.
Natural Selection: The Evolutionary Function of Social Anxiety Natural selection is the process by which members of a species who are best able to adapt to their environments are the most likely to reproduce successfully, thereby causing the species to evolve gradually and to survive over a long period of time. It makes sense that through natural selection, those among us who are most fit and healthy might be more likely to survive and to reproduce than those who are less so.
Randolph Nesse and George Williams discuss how a number of uncomfortable condi- tions such as sneezing from allergies, suffering from colds or fevers, and experiencing pain from injuries all serve to protect us from potential dangers. The same processes that lead to allergies, colds, and fever also help the body to rid itself of potentially danger- ous toxins and parasitic viruses.
Likewise, pain following an injury is a warning sign that prevents us from moving our bodies in ways that could worsen the injury. Might anxiety also improve our chances of survival? As we mentioned in chapter 1, the fight-or-flight response associated with fear and panic protects us from potential danger.
When we are afraid, our bodies quickly become mobilized either to meet the danger head on or to escape from the danger as quickly as possible. All of the sensations that we experience when we are frightened for instance, increased pulse, faster breath- ing, sweating, hyperventilation, and so on are designed to help us meet the physical demands of confronting the threat fighting or escaping to safety flight.
From an evolutionary perspective, it makes sense that we humans would develop a propensity for experiencing social anxiety. We are social beings, and as such, we are very much dependent on those around us. None of us could survive without the help of others. As infants and children, we are completely dependent on our parents for food, shelter, comfort, and education. As we grow up, we continue to depend on other people.
We depend on our employers to provide us with money for food and shelter. We depend on other people to build our homes, grow our food, heal our injuries, entertain us, and to help us meet most of our day-to-day needs. Because of our dependence on one another, we learn at a very young age that it is important to get along well with people. Essentially, we want other people to like us. After all, consistently making a bad impres- sion on other people might lead to isolation, unemployment, and many other negative consequences.
Feeling anxious in social situations serves to remind each of us to pay attention to the effects our behavior has on those around us.
Feeling anxious in social situations protects us from offending other people and from doing things that might lead others to judge us in negative ways. So, not only is it normal to feel shy or socially anxious from time to time, it is also helpful.
Of course, social anxiety and shyness are not always helpful. Extreme social anxiety may lead to impaired concentration, which, in turn, can cause a person to make more errors at work or school.
In addition, socially anxious people often avoid taking social risks and may therefore find it difficult to make friends or to find work. So, from an evolutionary perspective, people with social anxiety disorder do not have an illness, per se.
Rather, they have too much of a good thing. Social anxiety is helpful in small doses, but when it is too intense, it can make life more difficult. Genetics and Social Anxiety Social anxiety disorder appears to run in families.
For example, a study by Stein, Chartier, Hazen, Kozak, et al. In contrast, more narrowly focused social fears for example, a fear of public speaking only were less likely to run in families. Of course, the existence of social anxiety disorder in multiple family members does not necessarily mean that the social anxiety is transmitted by genes.
To tease out the effects of genetic influences from the effects of environment and learning, scientists have relied on three main types of studies:. Twin studies. Twin studies examine the frequency of a problem across pairs of identical twins twins who are percent genetically identical vs. Because twin pairs tend to be raised in similar environments regardless of whether they are identical twins or fraternal twins, a higher social anxiety concordance rate in identical twins than in fraternal twins is thought to be evidence that genetics may have played a larger role in the development of the social anxiety the term concordance rate refers to the probability of one person having a particular problem if his or her twin also has the problem.
Adoption studies. In adoption studies, scientists interview both the bio- logical parents and the adoptive parents of people who were adopted as children and who also have the particular problem being studied. If the researcher finds that social anxiety disorder occurs much more frequently in the biological parents of the socially anxious adoptees than in the adoptive parents, it suggests that genetics may be more important than environment.
Although adoption studies have been used to study the role of genetics in various disorders and illnesses, this approach has not yet been used in research on social anxiety disorder. Molecular genetics studies. This work has made it possible for scientists to study particular genes that may be involved in the development of social anxiety disorder and many other conditions, using research methods known as linkage studies and association studies.
So, what do we know about the role of genetics in social anxiety disorder? Most of the studies to date on genetics and social anxiety disorder have been twin studies for instance, Kendler, Karkowski, and Prescott ; Kendler et al. Molecular genetics studies are just beginning in the area of social anxiety, and over time they should help to uncover which genes are most important in the development of this problem.
Two personality traits closely related to social anxiety appear to be heritable as well, with heritability estimates the extent to which the transmission of a trait across generations is due to genetics being close to 50 percent across a wide range of studies Plomin One of these traits, called neuroticism, is a general tendency to feel distressed, anxious, nervous, and worried.
The other trait, called introversion, is a tendency to be inwardly focused and socially withdrawn. Not surprisingly, shyness and social anxiety tend to be associated with both of these personality styles Briggs Recently, researchers have started to use molecular genetics studies to identify specific genes that may contribute to traits such as introversion Stein, Schork, and Gelernter If genetics does play a role in causing social anxiety, does that mean that social anxiety cannot be changed?
Not at all. Our genetic makeup affects just about every aspect of who we are, including physical fitness, academic ability, depression, weight, personality, and even our interests and hobbies. Yet we all know that our behavior and experiences still play an important role in determining our behavior and performance in these various domains. For example, regardless of whether you are genetically predisposed to be athletic, training hard will improve your athletic ability.
Furthermore, the environment for example, the exercise habits that you learn while growing up may have a profound effect on whether you exercise regularly as an adult. Still, there are differences between people with respect to how hard they must train to become physically fit. For some people, it comes easier than for others—in part, because of their genetic makeup.
The same reasoning holds true for social anxiety. Effects of the Brain and Neurotransmitters Compared with other psychological problems, including other anxiety disorders, studies examining the biological factors underlying social anxiety often have failed to obtain significant findings. For example, research examining hormonal factors, sleep pat- terns, and heart functioning has often failed to find differences between people with social anxiety disorder and people without significant social anxiety.
However, a number of studies have found increased levels of activity in particular parts of the brain during periods of social anxiety. For example, scientists have found that people with social anxiety disorder experience increased activity in a part of the brain called the amygdala when looking at pictures of harsh faces Phan et al. The amygdala is part of the limbic system and is activated when we experience the emotion of fear. During public speaking, there also appears to be more activation in the amygdala among people with social anxiety disorder than among people without this problem Phan et al.
As reviewed by Britton and Rauch in press , other areas of the brain that have been found to be activated during social anxiety include the anterior cingulate cortex an area that is involved in controlling emotions, thought, and heart rate, among other functions , the medial prefrontal cortex a section of the brain that is involved in complex cognition, per- sonality expression, and social behavior , the insular cortex a section of the limbic system that is involved in the experience of basic emotions, including fear , and the hippocampus a part of the limbic system that controls memory and spatial abilities.
Some studies suggest that the neurotransmitter dopamine may be involved in social anxiety, whereas other studies have failed to replicate these findings. Studies regarding the role of serotonin another neurotransmitter have also yielded mixed findings. However, medications that work on the serotonin system have consistently been found to be helpful for decreasing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder more on this in chapter 5. The ways in which learning and beliefs contribute to social anxiety are discussed in this section.
How Learning Contributes to Social Anxiety A large number of studies suggests that learning plays an important role in the development of fear. We learn to fear objects and situations through three main routes Rachman First, directly experiencing a trauma or some negative consequence in a particular situation can lead to fear.
For example, being bitten by a dog can teach a person to be afraid of dogs. Second, observing other people who are afraid of a situation can teach a person to be nervous. So, people may be more nervous behind the wheel of a car if they grew up with a parent who was an anxious driver. For example, in a study from our center, people with social anxiety disorder were more likely to describe a history of severe teasing in childhood than were people with other anxiety problems McCabe et al.
In addition to teasing, other examples of social traumas include:. In the space below, list examples of negative consequences that you have experi- enced in social situations that may have contributed to or helped to maintain your social anxiety. Observation is a powerful way of learning to fear specific objects and situations. This form of learning also called vicarious learning includes developing a fear by observing role models who themselves are anxious in social situations.
Another form of observational learning involves witnessing another person experience a trauma in a social situation. Examples of observational learning experiences that could lead to the development of social anxiety include:. In the space below, list examples of observational learning experiences that may have contributed to or helped to maintain your social anxiety. People can learn to fear social situations by reading about or being warned about the dangers of making a bad impression on others.
Examples of situations that could lead to developing social anxiety through the transmission of information include:. In the space below, list examples of informational learning experiences that may have contributed to, or helped to maintain, your social anxiety. Almost everyone is exposed to negative experiences in social situations.
At one time or another most of us are teased. We are all exposed to anxiety-provoking messages at home, as well as through the media. And yet, not everyone develops a problem with social anxiety.
Why is this so? Most likely, there are other factors that influence whether a particular person devel- ops problems with social anxiety following a history of negative social experiences.
Previous learning expe- riences and the ways in which someone deals with his or her negative social experiences may also influence the development of fear.
For example, a person who is ridiculed the first time he or she gives a presentation may be more likely to develop a fear of public speaking than someone who is ridiculed on a single occasion after having given many successful presentations previously.
Similarly, someone who is severely teased at school may be protected from developing problems with social anxiety if he or she receives support from close friends after the episode. Finally, avoiding a social situation following a traumatic experience may increase the chances of developing social anxiety. You have probably heard that the best thing to do after falling off a horse is to get back on as soon as possible to avoid developing a fear of horses.
The same is true of social anxiety. If you avoid a social situation following a trau- matic experience, you may increase your chances of developing a fear of that situation. Anxiety-provoking thoughts, interpretations, and predictions can lead someone to feel fear and anxiety in social situations.
There are numerous studies investigating the role of thinking in social anxiety. There is also evidence that helping people to change their anxious beliefs is an effective way of decreasing their social anxiety.
Research on thinking and social anxiety is reviewed elsewhere Antony and Swinson ; Hirsch and Clark Some of the highlights of this research include the following findings:. In contrast, people who are not socially anxious are less concerned about others noticing their physical arousal symptoms. Instead, people without significant social anxiety assume that others will interpret their physical symptoms as normal perhaps a sign of feeling hot, being hungry, and so on.
For example, when asked to look at lists of words, people who are socially anxious spend more time looking at words. Taken together, these studies suggest that social anxiety and social anxiety disorder are associated with thinking styles that may actually make the problem worse. A number of studies investigating the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on the negative thinking styles often associated with social anxiety have found that treatment leads to a reduction in negative thinking Hirsch and Clark In other words, the strategy that people who are socially anxious use most frequently to cope with their fear may actually make the problem worse.
In addition, some behaviors that people use to protect themselves in social situa- tions can actually lead to the very outcome that people with social anxiety disorder fear most—a negative reaction from others.
For example, if when talking to other people at a party, you speak very quietly, avoid eye contact, and avoid expressing your views and opinions, people may choose to talk to someone else. See chapters 7 through 9 for a discussion of strategies for confronting feared situations instead of avoiding them and for stopping the safety behaviors that help to maintain your fear over time.
The initial step that a psychologist, psychiatrist, or other mental health professional takes in beginning to help an individual with a particular problem is a period of evalua- tion and assessment. This evaluation process involves collecting information needed to better understand the nature and extent of the problem so that the best possible treat- ment plan can be formulated. This initial assessment almost always involves an interview and may also include various questionnaires and standard tests.
Sometimes, the therapist may ask the person to start keeping a diary to monitor specific thoughts or behaviors. The individual also may be asked to answer a series of questionnaires that measure social anxiety and related problems. In addition, repeating certain assess- ments from time to time allows the clinician to measure whether treatment is working Antony and Rowa In the same way, a detailed self-assessment will help you to understand and address your difficulties with social anxiety.
We strongly recommend that, before you begin working on changing your own social anxiety, you carry out a careful self-assessment. This assessment process will have the following four main benefits. It will:. Provide you with an opportunity to measure your improvement as you use the strategies described in this book. Generally, as the sever- ity of social anxiety increases, typically, so does the intensity of the fear, the number of situations that are affected, the frequency with which anxiety is experienced, the level of interference with day-to-day functioning, and the extent to which a person is bothered by having the fear.
A comprehensive self-assessment will help you to decide which fears to work on first. First, it will be important to identify which situations you fear and avoid. Next, you will need to identify your priorities—that is, which aspects of the problem you want to begin to address first. Early improvements will help to motivate you to work on more difficult situations. Being able to confront the most disabling fears will have a much bigger impact on your life than working on fears that are less important to you.
For example, if you are afraid of dating, you could work on your fear by breaking the situation down into steps such as saying hello to an attractive classmate, sitting beside the classmate for several weeks in a row, speaking with the classmate after class, offering to study with the classmate, and asking the classmate to have dinner with you after class. In many cases, the specific treatment approaches you select will be directly related to factors you identify in your self-assessment.
Consider the following examples of how an assessment can help you to select the best approaches for treatment:. See chapter 10 for strategies for improving various types of social and communication skills. If you are considering using medications, thinking about these issues should be part of your self-assessment see chapter 5. Rather, the process of assessment should continue throughout treatment and even after treatment has ended.
Continuing the assessment process throughout treatment will provide you with a way of measuring how much your social anxiety has improved as a result of using the strategies described in this book. Also, conducting occasional self-assessments after treatment has ended will let you know whether your treatment gains have continued over time. The most common of these include the following.
Clinical Interviews Interviews involve asking a person specific questions about his or her background, anxiety symptoms, and related problems. It is an easy way of getting to know someone and learning about his or her difficulties simply by talking. Questionnaires Questionnaires include paper-and-pencil tests that a person completes before begin- ning treatment, and perhaps again during treatment and after treatment ends.
They are used to provide additional information not covered in the interview, as well as to confirm and expand upon the information provided in the interview.
Diaries Diaries are completed on a day-to-day basis between therapy sessions. They are useful because they provide the individual with an opportunity to record his or her thoughts and feelings as they occur, rather than having to remember all of the details of a complex event later.
These involve having a person enter a feared social situation behavioral approach test or act out a feared situation in a role-play behavioral role-play and having the person report his or her fear level, anxious thoughts, and other experiences. Although these assessments are usually conducted by a psychologist, psychia- trist, or other professional, each can be adapted to be part of your self-assessment. For example, answer important questions about your anxiety and related problems.
Conducting a Self-Interview Any professional contact with a psychologist, psychiatrist, or other mental health professional typically begins with a clinical interview, during which the clinician asks the client or patient questions about his or her problems. The interview helps the clinician to identify the most important features of the problem and is a first step toward developing an effective treatment plan. To be consistent with this goal, we suggest that you conduct a self-interview, in which you answer important questions about your problem.
To help you with this process, we have identified ten basic questions you should try to answer at the start of your self-assessment.
The answers to these questions will help you to do the following: decide whether social anxiety is in fact a problem for you; iden- tify the factors that contribute to your social anxiety; and choose the specific situations that you need to work on most.
At the beginning of chapter 4, we will suggest additional questions that will help you to develop a treatment plan. For each of the following situations divided into interpersonal situations and per- formance situations, as defined in chapter 1 , record a number ranging from 0 to to rate 1 the extent to which you fear the situation during a typical or average encounter and 2 the extent to which you typically avoid the situation.
For example, if you have an intense fear of making presentations but you avoid the situation only about half the time, your fear rating might be an 80 and your avoidance rating might be a If the situation is one that you never encounter, base your ratings on how fearful you imagine you would be in the situation and how much you would avoid the situation if it did come up from time to time. Use the following scales to rate your fear and avoidance levels.
An important step in your self-assessment is to become aware of the variables that make your fear better or worse in a given situation. For each item, record a number ranging from 0 to to rate the extent to which the variable listed affects your level of fear or discomfort in the types of social situations that you fear.
Use the following scale to obtain your rating. Effect Item on Your Discomfort Lighting for instance, the light level is so high that you feel that any sign of anxiety will be visible How formal the situation is for example, eating at a wedding reception vs. Following is a list of physical feelings that people sometimes experience when they are feeling anxious, worried, or frightened.
For each item, you should first record a number from 0 to that reflects the intensity of the feeling during a typical expo- sure to an anxiety-provoking social situation.
A rating of 0 means that, typically, you do not experience the sensation at all, and a rating of means that the sensation typically is extremely intense when you encounter social situations that are a problem for you. Next, using a scale from 0 to , rate the extent to which you are fearful of experi- encing the sensation in front of other people. A rating of 0 means that you are not at all concerned about experiencing the sensation in front of others and a rating of means that you are extremely fearful of experiencing the sensation in front of others.
As discussed in chapter 1, your beliefs have a big impact on how you feel in social situations. For example, if you expect that others will think you are stupid, weak, or unattractive, you are very likely to feel anxious around other people. Often, our beliefs and predic- tions are not based on reality. For people who experience elevated anxiety in social and performance situations, beliefs and expectations about these situations are often nega- tive. These thoughts tend to exaggerate the likelihood of danger and lead the person to expect the worst, even when there is no reason to do so.
Cognitive therapy involves teaching people to identify and change their anxious beliefs, predictions, and expectations by considering more realistic alternative beliefs. Before you can change your thoughts, however, you need to be able to observe them and to decide whether they are unrealistic and whether they are contributing to your anxiety.
Chapter 1 lists examples of thoughts and expectations that contribute to social anxiety. First, review some of the examples of anxiety-provoking thoughts listed in chapter 1. These will give you an idea of the types of thoughts that are often associated with social anxiety. Next, think of social situations that you find particularly difficult for example, talking to strangers, eating with other people, speaking at meetings and try to answer the following questions.
Your answers to these questions will give you an idea of the types of thoughts, predictions, and expectations that help to maintain your anxiety. Anxiety and fear are usually accompanied by a strong urge to do something to reduce these uncomfortable feelings. Are there behaviors that you use to reduce your anxiety? Here are some examples. Avoidance of social situations. Are there situations that you refuse to enter? When the telephone rings, do you avoid answering it?
Do you turn down opportunities to do presentations even when they are important? Avoidance is one of the most common behaviors that helps to maintain your fear and anxiety.
Earlier in this chapter you rated the extent to which you fear and avoid various social situations. As part of this review of your anxious behaviors, look over that list again and note which situations you tend to avoid at least some of the time.
If there are any other situations that come to mind, list them below. Overcompensating for perceived deficits. Are there ways in which you try extra hard in social situations to compensate for flaws or faults that you perceive yourself to have?
For example, do you overprepare for presentations by putting together too much mate- rial, memorizing the presentation, or reading the presentation word for word from your notes?
Do you rehearse everything that you are going to say before meeting a friend for dinner, just in case you become overly anxious and lose your train of thought? Each of these is an example of how people sometimes overcompensate to cover up what they perceive to be flaws.
If you can think of examples of times when you have overcompensated in social situations for what you thought were flaws or faults, list them below. Excessive checking and reassurance seeking. Social anxiety, shyness, and performance anxiety sometimes can lead people to engage in frequent checking and reassurance seeking behaviors. Although it is helpful to seek reassurance from time to time, constant reassurance seeking can have a negative impact by helping to maintain your fear.
By asking for reas- surance over and over again, you may strengthen the belief that there is something wrong with you. Why else would you need to check so often?
Also, you run the risk of never learning to provide yourself with the reassurance that you may need. Finally, constantly asking others for reassurance may cause some of your greatest fears to come true by negatively affecting how others view you. Other people may get tired of always having to provide you with reassurance. Also, if you constantly ask others to make judg- ments about you for instance, to tell you how smart, attractive, or interesting you are , you may actually be training them to be more observant and scrutinizing of you than they might otherwise be.
In the space below, list some examples of times when you have engaged in excessive checking or reassurance seeking. Other subtle avoidance and safety behaviors. Overcompensating for perceived deficits and excessive checking are both examples of safety behaviors because they are used to help you feel safer in social situations.
Unlike complete avoidance of feared situations, these are more subtle avoidance behaviors, and they can be more difficult to notice. Are there other subtle ways in which you avoid situations or safety behaviors that you use to protect yourself from feeling anxious in social situations?
For example, if you have to give a presentation, do you stand in a particular place? Do you purposely end the presentation late so that there is no time for questions? Do you avoid making eye contact with the audience? Do you take frequent bathroom breaks to avoid being with everyone else? All of these are examples of subtle avoidance strategies that people sometimes use in social situations.
As discussed in chapter 1, these behaviors may decrease your anxiety in the short term by helping you to feel safer. In the spaces that follow, list examples of subtle avoidance or safety behaviors that you use to manage your anxiety in social situ- ations.
Because these behaviors may differ from situation to situation, there is space to record these behaviors for up to five different social situations. One of the ways in which we evaluate our- selves is to make comparisons with other people.
In school, we ask our classmates how they did on their exams to get an idea of how our own work compares to that of others. Research has consistently found that most people compare themselves to others whom they perceive to be either similar to themselves or slightly better in a particular dimension.
For example, an average student is likely to compare his or her grades to those of other average students or to slightly better-than-average students. Similarly, a top athlete tends to compare his or her performance to other top athletes in order to judge the quality of his or her own performance.
This pattern of social comparison makes sense because it is most likely to provide information you can use to gauge your own performance. Research from our center Antony et al. In other words, people who are socially anxious are more likely to compare themselves to people they perceive as better than they are.
The tendency to make upward comparisons increases the likelihood that an individual will feel worse after making the comparison. Can you think of recent examples of when you have compared yourself to someone whom you perceived to be more attractive, more competent, less anxious, stronger, or smarter than you are?
Or, did you make an upward comparison on some other dimension? How did you feel afterward? Do you often tend to compare yourself to people whom you perceive to be ideal or perfect on a certain dimension, rather than people whom you perceive to be typical or average?
Generally, this is not a big problem unless it happens frequently or in situations where there is a lot at stake. In most cases, people who are socially anxious have fine social skills, though they tend to assume that their social skills are much worse than they actually are. Furthermore, as their anxiety decreases and they obtain more practice interacting with others in the situ- ations that they fear, their skills tend to improve over time.
Following are some examples of areas where you may want to consider working on improving your skills. This may prove to be particularly helpful for situations that you have tended to avoid over the years and therefore may not have had the opportunity to learn some of the subtleties of navigating your way through the situation.
For example, if you have never dated, you may need some practice before knowing how to ask someone out on a date to maximize your chances of a positive response. As you read through the examples, try to identify people skills that you may want to work on.
There is space at the end of this section to record your responses. Do you have difficulty being assertive? Most people sometimes find it difficult to deal directly and assertively with situations like these.
However, the more difficulty that you have in situ- ations that call for assertive communication, the more you have to gain from learning assertiveness skills. Body language, tone of voice, and eye contact. Do you have difficulty making eye contact with other people? Does your tone of voice or body language send the message that you are not open to interacting with others? Although you may use these behaviors to protect yourself in social situations, they may actually have the opposite effect by turning others away.
If you send the message to others that you are unavailable, they will be more likely to leave you alone. Someone can say that pressure could be described as the fly in a room complete of large several. More information here! I think that the Shyness and Public Pressure Program most likely. What cheerful and having a laugh can do is to start up an opportunity for us to take a phase back from the extremely negativity , that is useful. Is good to know that anxiety is a very exclusive encounter for humans.
Actually extend anxiety results in depressive conditions. Visiting the vet, schedule changes, sounds such as fireworks or shifting to a new home are all illustrations of things that can cause pet anxiety and that is not all.
Someone said that most people encounter from anxiety, shyness and a sensation of bashfulness in all kinds of social circumstances , everybody know this. Timid people are easily manipulated because they are afraid to firmly defend their position, their own opinion and, in the face of a stronger personality, are timid, allowing the latter to impose their will.
The author of this guide provides a really good method on how to get rid of shyness. I recommend! Your shyness causes both instinctive and conscious rejection from other people. Moreover, you yourself may feel that you are very sensitive, polite and considerate, never allow yourself anything superfluous and do not disturb other people for anything, and, thereby, produce on them a very positive effect.
Although, in fact, it turns out that you create the opposite impression. Excessive timidity and shyness are demonstrations of some weaknesses and, as a consequence, do not appeal to others. In the best-case scenario, you just build up not the very best impression about yourself. In the worst — someone will take advantage of your or will just start treating you not in the most polite way, as you have already shown, that such treatment is acceptable for you. Thank you for attention!
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